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Bacterial ADP‐Ribosylating Toxins: Molecular Structures and Signal Transducing Functions
Author(s) -
Kato Iwao
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
microbiology and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.664
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1348-0421
pISSN - 0385-5600
DOI - 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1991.tb01565.x
Subject(s) - biology , microbial toxins , signal (programming language) , microbiology and biotechnology , computational biology , bacteria , genetics , computer science , programming language
Mono‐ADP‐ribosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins employed by a variety of bacterial ADP‐ribosylating toxins to modify the metabolism of target cells. The ADP‐ribosyltransferases of bacterial toxins, in general, use NAD as a substrate for covalent modification by ADP‐ribose to certain GTP‐binding proteins (G proteins) as signal transducers resulting in altered enzymatic activity of the membrane enzymes as effectors. Such a mechanism has the potential of being of importance in the physiological regulation of cellular metabolism, particularly if the process is reversible. These ADP‐ribosylating toxins are characterized in Table 1.