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Paraneoplastic Syndromes of Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis, and Hypercalcemia Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Author(s) -
Kato Naoko,
Yasukawa Kana,
Onozuka Takashi,
Kimura Kumiko
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
the journal of dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1346-8138
pISSN - 0385-2407
DOI - 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1999.tb03487.x
Subject(s) - thrombocytosis , leukocytosis , neutrophilia , medicine , granulocytosis , pathology , granulocyte colony stimulating factor , gastroenterology , granulocyte , platelet , chemotherapy
Paraneoplastic syndromes including leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and hypercalcemia are occasionally seen in patients suffering from progressive malignant disorders. Recent studies have revealed the production of several humoral factors by tumor cells and normal splenic cells of tumor‐bearing patients to be the major cause of these reactions. Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF), parathyroid hormone‐related peptide, interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been implicated. We describe a 58‐year‐old Japanese man with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on the left sole, which developed in a deep linear scar after a train crash. He developed pulmonary and lymph node metastases, then leukocytosis (57,110/mm 3 with 95% neutrophilia), thrombocytosis (86.3 × 10 4 /mm 3 ), and hypercalcemia (7.0 mEq/1), and finally cachexia, followed by death. Serum G‐CSF, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, and TNF‐β were determined; revealing G‐CSF and IL‐1β levels were above the upper limits of their normal ranges at 39.2 pg/ml and 4.63 pg/ml, respectively. It is probable that these humoral factors were partially responsible for the paraneoplastic syndromes induced by the cutaneous SCC with metastasis in the present case.