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Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bismuth Titanate Powders
Author(s) -
Xu Huiwen,
Bowman Keith J.,
Slamovich Elliott B.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03564.x
Subject(s) - bismuth titanate , bismuth , materials science , crystallization , titanate , hydrothermal circulation , chemical engineering , titanium , amorphous solid , mineralogy , inorganic chemistry , ceramic , crystallography , chemistry , metallurgy , ferroelectricity , optoelectronics , dielectric , engineering
Bismuth titanate was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from an amorphous bismuth–titanium precursor gel. The gel was formed by mixing a bismuth acetate complex with titanium butoxide and then adding the solution dropwise into 6 M NaOH. The resulting gel suspension was reacted under hydrothermal conditions at temperatures ranging from 160° to 200°C to form crystalline bismuth titanate. The gel crystallization kinetics increased with temperature, which resulted in 100% crystalline bismuth titanate in 5 h at 200°C. Wavelength‐dispersive spectroscopy data indicated that sodium was incorporated into bismuth titanate during processing, and X‐ray diffractometry suggested that the powder was composed of the Bi 5 Ti 4 O 15 phase. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs showed that the gel particles decomposed to 100–200 nm crystalline bismuth titanate particles during hydrothermal processing.