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Novel Method to Manufacture Porous Hydroxyapatite by Dual‐Phase Mixing
Author(s) -
Li Shi Hong,
Wijn Joost R.,
Layrolle Pierre,
Groot Klaas
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03279.x
Subject(s) - porosity , materials science , scanning electron microscope , composite material , mixing (physics) , sintering , ceramic , slurry , chemical engineering , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
We have developed a novel method to construct porous hydroxyapatite (HA) by dual‐phase mixing—in other words, generating a porous ceramic body and pore‐forming template simultaneously. The technique is based on mixing two immiscible phases: HA slurry and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin. Naphthalene particles are necessary when greater porosity (>50%) is wanted. After shaping in a mold, the mixture is subjected to polymerization, drying, pyrolysis, and sintering. The porous HA has been thoroughly characterized with Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry, X‐ray diffractometry, environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, and image analysis. The demanding specifications for bone ingrowth are met: (i) the size of pores and their fenestrations are adjustable, ∼80% within 300–800 μm; (ii) uniform and isotropic porous structure is observed in three directions; (iii) pores are fully interconnected throughout; (iv) the porosity is adjustable up to 60%; and (v) sufficient mechanical strength is present for cell culture and implantation handling. The porous HA can be applied as either implant material or scaffold for bone‐tissue engineering.