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Preparation of Titanium Nitride: Microwave‐Induced Carbothermal Reaction of Titanium Dioxide
Author(s) -
Peelamedu Ramesh D.,
Fleming Mary,
Agrawal Dinesh K.,
Roy Rustum
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00051.x
Subject(s) - carbothermic reaction , susceptor , microwave , titanium , nitride , materials science , combustion , oxygen , titanium dioxide , stoichiometry , titanium nitride , chemical engineering , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , metallurgy , nanotechnology , epitaxy , carbide , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering , layer (electronics)
Carbothermal reduction and nitridation of TiO 2 was performed in a 2 kW, 2.45 GHz microwave furnace. Carbon, generally added for the removal of oxygen from TiO 2 lattice also served as the low‐temperature susceptor in these experiments. At temperatures >1200°C, the mixtures started reacting vigorously (self‐burn), which was never observed with the respective pure compounds. In the self‐burning state, the minimum duration required for complete titanium nitride transformation was ∼20 min with stoichiometric amounts of carbon. With excess C, the transformation duration dropped to just 1 min. CO removal and subsequent Ni fixation occur more directly in microwave‐induced reactions than in conventional nitridation procedures. Intermediate formation of successive Magneli phases (Ti 2 n O 2 n −1 ) was not found in the microwave‐induced reactions. The combination of microwave processing and combustion makes this route of economical interest.