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Sintering Behavior and Surface Microstructure of PbO‐Rich PbNi 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 –PbTiO 3 –PbZrO 3 Ceramics
Author(s) -
Kondo Masao,
Kurihara Kazuaki
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb01037.x
Subject(s) - sintering , materials science , eutectic system , ceramic , microstructure , stoichiometry , calcination , melting point , phase (matter) , analytical chemistry (journal) , mineralogy , metallurgy , chemical engineering , composite material , chemistry , chromatography , biochemistry , organic chemistry , engineering , catalysis
The sintering behavior and surface microstructure of PbNi 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 –PbTiO 3 –PbZrO 3 (PNiNb‐PT‐PZ) ceramics were investigated. The PNiNb‐PT‐PZ ceramics with the stoichiometric composition and the addition of excess lead oxide (PbO‐rich ceramics) were sintered by liquid‐phase sintering in accordance with the solution‐reprecipitation mechanism at temperatures below the melting point of PbO. The temperature at which the liquid phase forms fell to near the eutectic point of the PbO–Nb 2 O 5 and the PbO–TiO 2 system (868°C) with the addition of 5 mol% PbO. As the calcination temperature influenced the sinterability of the stoichiometric PNiNb‐PT‐PZ ceramic, unreacted PbO was considered to be the source of the liquid phase in the sintering of the stoichiometric powder. The secondary phase was observed at the surface of PbO‐rich ceramics and was suggested to be a liquid phase expelled from inside the ceramic. A sintering scheme of PNiNb‐PT‐PZ ceramics was proposed, and the high sinterability of PNiNb‐PT‐PZ ceramics was attributed to the low formation temperature of the liquid phase.