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Microwave Effects in Lead Zirconium Titanate Synthesis: Enhanced Kinetics and Changed Mechanisms
Author(s) -
Vaidhyanathan Balasubramaniam,
Singh Anirudh P.,
Agrawal Dinesh K.,
Shrout Thomas R.,
Roy Rustum,
Ganguly Suman
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00816.x
Subject(s) - microwave , materials science , zirconium , kinetics , microwave irradiation , phase (matter) , lead titanate , chemical engineering , titanate , mineralogy , ferroelectricity , dielectric , chemistry , ceramic , composite material , optoelectronics , metallurgy , physics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , engineering
A novel, simple, and fast solid‐state procedure has been demonstrated for the synthesis of Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT), using microwave radiation. The process consists of starting with the respective oxides mixed in the required proportions and exposing the charge to the microwaves. By making one or more of the constituent oxides slightly nonstoichiometric, enormous enhancement in reaction rates has been achieved, and single‐phase PZT can be synthesized at temperatures as low as 600°C. Moreover, it has been shown that the combined use of nonstoichiometric precursors and microwave irradiation leads to different reaction pathways for the formation of PZT. Further, the microwave method diminishes PbO loss.