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Intrinsically Formed Trivalent Titanium Ions in Sol–Gel Titania
Author(s) -
Muñoz Eduardo,
Boldú José L.,
Andrade Eduardo,
Novaro Octavio,
Bokhimi Xi.,
López Tessy,
Gómez Ricardo
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00667.x
Subject(s) - electron paramagnetic resonance , paramagnetism , titanium , materials science , ion , spectroscopy , elastic recoil detection , analytical chemistry (journal) , impurity , chemistry , nuclear magnetic resonance , metallurgy , physics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , chromatography
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) room‐temperature observation of trivalent titanium in sol–gel titania has been reported. This unprecedented detection of stable paramagnetic signals in this titania, which was treated at 200°–800°C, occurred regardless of whether the atmosphere was reducing, inert, or oxidating. The possibility that the paramagnetic signals may originate from an metal impurity other than titanium was completely excluded by analyzing the samples using three different ion‐beam‐analysis techniques: Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, particle‐induced X‐ray emission resonance, and energy‐recoil detection analysis. The paramagnetic signals appeared at precisely the temperature range of the sample dehydroxylation, which suggests a mechanism for explaining these Ti 3+ EPR spectra.