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Necessary Conditions for the Formation of {111} Twins in Barium Titanate
Author(s) -
Lee ByoungKi,
Chung SungYoon,
Kang SukJoong L.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01645.x
Subject(s) - barium titanate , oxidizing agent , reducing atmosphere , materials science , atmosphere (unit) , sintering , phase (matter) , barium , mineralogy , crystallography , analytical chemistry (journal) , metallurgy , chemistry , ceramic , environmental chemistry , physics , organic chemistry , thermodynamics
The experimental conditions for {111} twin formation in BaTiO 3 were investigated. When BaTiO 3 compacts without excess TiO 2 were sintered either in an oxidizing atmosphere (air) or in a reducing atmosphere (95N 2 –5H 2 ), no {111} twins formed within the BaTiO 3 grains and no abnormal grain growth occurred. In contrast, many {111} twins were present within the abnormally grown grains in the excess‐TiO 2 ‐containing BaTiO 3 samples sintered in air, while no twins were observed in the excess‐TiO 2 ‐containing samples sintered in 95N 2 –5H 2 . X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that excess TiO 2 forms a Ba 6 Ti 17 O 40 phase during sintering with the space group A 2/ a in air and a Ba 6 Ti 17 O 40− x phase with the space group C in 95N 2 –5H 2 . It appears therefore that excess TiO 2 and an oxidizing atmosphere are necessary for {111} twin formation in BaTiO 3 . These results may also indicate that the interface structure between BaTiO 3 and Ba 6 Ti 17 O 40 influences the twin formation.