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Effects of Cd‐Substitution Site on the Electrical Conductivities in Pb(Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ‐PbZrO 3 ‐PbTiO 3 Ceramics
Author(s) -
Chung HoonTaek,
Cho JeongHo,
Kim HoGi
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02120.x
Subject(s) - ion , electrical resistivity and conductivity , materials science , valence (chemistry) , perovskite (structure) , ceramic , evaporation , analytical chemistry (journal) , vacancy defect , crystallography , mineralogy , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , metallurgy , physics , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , chromatography , quantum mechanics
The effects of Cd 2+ substitution for Pb 2+ and Ni 2+ ions (on the A‐site and B‐site of the ABO 3 perovskite structure, respectively) on the electrical conductivities in Pb(Ni 1/3 ‐Nb 2/3 )O 3 ‐PbZrO 3 ‐PbTiO 3 (PNN‐PZ‐PT) ceramics have been investigated. Generally, the compounds that contain PbO show p ‐type conductivity, because of PbO evaporation. Thus, the conductivities are known to be proportional to the PbO evaporation. However, PNN‐PZ‐PT ceramics exhibit a reciprocal relationship between the conductivities and the evaporation of PbO. Generally, no vacancy change is observed with the substitution of the same‐charge valence ion. However, in the PNN‐PZ‐PT ceramic, lead vacancies could be created or annihilated by replacing Pb 2+ and Ni 2+ ions with Cd 2+ ions, because of incomplete substitution. The electrical conductivities are influenced by this incomplete substitution.