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Incorporation of Yttrium in Barium Titanate Ceramics
Author(s) -
Zhi Jing,
Chen Ang,
Zhi Yu,
Vilarinho Paula M.,
Baptista João L.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01921.x
Subject(s) - yttrium , tetragonal crystal system , materials science , barium titanate , barium , scanning electron microscope , crystal structure , crystallography , solubility , mineralogy , lattice constant , titanate , analytical chemistry (journal) , ceramic , chemistry , metallurgy , diffraction , physics , chromatography , optics , composite material , oxide
In this work, X‐ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to study the incorporation of yttrium in BaTiO 3 , with the following nominal compositions: (Ba 1‐ x Y x )TiO 3 (0.015 ≤ to x ≤ to 0.08), (Ba 1‐ x Y x )Ti 1‐ x /4 ‐(□ Ti ) x /4 O 3 (0.005 ≤ to x ≤ to 0.1), and Ba(Ti 1‐ y Y y )O 3‐delta (0.028 ≤ to y ≤ to 0.258). The phase assemblage and the lattice parameters indicated a slight solubility (∼1.5 at.%) of yttrium at the Ba sites at 1440°C but a high solubility (∼12.2 at.%) of yttrium at the Ti sites at 1515°C. When BaTiO 3 was heavily doped with yttrium at the Ti sites (a yttrium concentration ( y ) of <0.059), the crystallographic structure was tetragonal, whereas for y greater than equal to 0.059, the crystallographic structure was cubic.