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Intrinsic Size Effects in a Barium Titanate Glass‐Ceramic
Author(s) -
McCauley Daniel,
Newnham Robert E.,
Randall Clive A.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02435.x
Subject(s) - dielectric , materials science , barium titanate , ferroelectricity , condensed matter physics , glass transition , crystallite , polarizability , ceramic , grain size , mineralogy , particle size , composite material , chemistry , optoelectronics , physics , organic chemistry , molecule , metallurgy , polymer
A series of glass ceramics have been synthesized to produce bulk materials with nanometer‐sized barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) crystals grown in a residue glass matrix. Structure‐property relations have been made to determine the size distribution and the dielectric temperature dependence of the ceramics. Through dielectric and density mixing laws, it has been inferred that depolarization fields limit the dielectric polarizability of the particles and influence the transition temperature. The transition temperature, dielectric anomaly broadening, and peak dielectric constant all scale systematically with the mean size of the BaTiO 3 crystals, which is consistent with an intrinsic size effect. In addition, scaling the transition temperature with the Ishikawa relation predicts a critical size of 17 nm, for which BaTiO 3 cannot support a ferroelectric transition. These results are discussed in relation to other size studies on ferroelectric materials.