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Reaction Pathways in the Synthesis of Photorefractive gamma‐Bi12MO20 (M = Si, Ge, or Ti)
Author(s) -
Fu Senlin,
Ozoe Hiroyuki
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03151.x
Subject(s) - orthorhombic crystal system , materials science , metastability , tetragonal crystal system , solid state , photorefractive effect , crystallography , mineralogy , chemistry , crystal structure , organic chemistry , optoelectronics
Reaction pathways in the synthesis of three photorefractive silicates—γ‐Bi 12 SiO 20 (BSO), γ‐Bi 12 GeO 20 (BGO), and gamma‐Bi 12 TiO 20 (BTO)—were systematically investigated. The main results were as follows: (i) all the reactions of the form 6Bi 2 O 3 + MO 2 →> γ‐Bi 12 MO 20 (SR1 for M = Si, SR2 for M = Ge, SR3 for M = Ti) in the solid state seemed to be diffusion‐controlled processes and were affected by both temperature and time, where the reaction temperature increases in the order SR1 < SR2 < SR3; (ii) the metastable phases Bi 2 SiO 5 (tetragonal) in reaction SR1, Bi 2 GeO 5 (orthorhombic) in reaction SR2, Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (orthorhombic) in reaction SR3 may be formed and seemed to greatly accelerate the above‐mentioned solid‐state reaction processes; and (iii) for a continuous heating process, pure γ‐Bi 12 SiO 20 and γ‐Bi 12 GeO 20 could be produced before melting, whereas pure γ‐Bi 12 TiO 2 0 could not be produced, even if all the mixed phases had melted.