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Micromechanics of Failure Waves in Glass: II, Modeling
Author(s) -
Horacio D. Espinosa,
Yueping Xu,
Brar Natchater S.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03091.x
Subject(s) - spall , materials science , spallation , mechanics , micromechanics , anisotropy , shear (geology) , shear stress , nucleation , stress (linguistics) , composite material , material failure theory , strain rate , isotropy , optics , finite element method , thermodynamics , physics , linguistics , philosophy , quantum mechanics , composite number , neutron
In an attempt to elucidate the failure mechanism responsible for the so‐called failure waves in glass, numerical simulations of plate and rod impact experiments, with a multiple‐plane model, have been performed. These simulations show that the failure wave phenomenon can be modeled by the nucleation and growth of penny‐shaped shear defects from the specimen surface to its interior. Lateral stress increase, reduction of spall strength, and progressive attenuation of axial stress behind the failure front are properly predicted by the multiple‐plane model. Numerical simulations of high‐strain‐rate pressure‐shear experiments indicate that the model predicts reasonably well the shear resistance of the material at strain rates as high as 1 × 10 6 /s. The agreement is believed to be the result of the model capability in simulating damage‐induced anisotropy. By examining the kinetics of the failure process in plate experiments, we show that the progressive glass spallation in the vicinity of the failure front and the rate of increase in lateral stress are more consistent with a representation of inelasticity based on shear‐activated flow surfaces, inhomogeneous flow, and microcracking, rather than pure microcracking. In the former mechanism, microcracks are likely formed at a later time at the intersection of flow surfaces. in the case of rod‐on‐rod impact, stress and radial velocity histories predicted by the microcracking model are in agreement with the experimental measurements. Stress attenuation, pulse duration, and release structure are properly simulated. It is shown that failure wave speeds in excess to 3600 m/s are required for adequate prediction in rod radial expansion.