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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigation of Acceptor Centers in Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 Ceramics
Author(s) -
Warren William L.,
Tuttle Bruce A.,
Rong E. Christopher,
Gerardi Gary J.,
Poindexter Edward H.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02884.x
Subject(s) - electron paramagnetic resonance , tetragonal crystal system , impurity , materials science , acceptor , vacancy defect , ion , orthorhombic crystal system , perovskite (structure) , crystallography , crystal structure , chemistry , nuclear magnetic resonance , condensed matter physics , physics , organic chemistry
The nature of extrinsic point defects in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics of various compositions prepared by solution chemistry has been explored. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), several impurity sites have been identified in the as‐received materials, which include Fe 3+ oxygen vacancy (V O ‥ ) complex and isolated Cu 2+ ions; both of these ions are incorporated into the lattice by replacing the Ti(Zr) ion. A Fe 3+ V O ‥ complex serves as a sensitive probe of the local crystalline field environment of the ceramic; the symmetry of this defect is roughly correlated with its phase diagram as the composition is varied from PbTiO 3 to PbZrO 3 . The Fe 3+ V O ‥ complex experiences tetragonal, rhombic, or orthorhombic symmetry as the composition is varied from PbTiO 3 to PbZrO 3 . As the composition of the Cu 2+ ion is varied, it appears as though the addition of Zr, and not necessarily a change in phase, is largely responsible in determining the local environment of this acceptor impurity. Also, the Cu 2+ resonance parameters weakly reflect the relative Ti–O(Zr–O) bond covalency in the perovskite lattice.