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Effects of Temperature and Atmosphere on the Formation Mechanism of Barium Titanate Using the Citrate Process
Author(s) -
Tsay JenqDar,
Fang TsangTse
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08786.x
Subject(s) - barium titanate , atmosphere (unit) , materials science , barium , reducing atmosphere , chemical engineering , mineralogy , chemistry , metallurgy , ceramic , thermodynamics , physics , engineering
In this investigation, several experiments have been conducted to study the effects of temperature and atmosphere on the formation of BaTiO 3 using the citrate process. It was found that BaTiO 3 could be completely formed when the precursor powder was heated at 300°C in O 2 for 24 h and then heated in situ at 475°C for 1 h, during which no intermediate phase was observed throughout the process. Moreover, BaTiO 3 could be formed at 400°C in O 2 via the combustion of organic materials, in which the amount of the residual BaCO 3 depended on the partial pressure of O 2 . The development of BaCO 3 and oxycarbonate intermediate was found to be dependent on the temperature, the atmosphere, and the organic materials, and their formation mechanisms are discussed.