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Barium Neodymium Titanate Electroceramics: Phase Equilibria Studies of Ba 6–3x Nd 8+2x Ti 18 O 54 Solid Solution
Author(s) -
Cruickshank Karen M.,
Jing Xiping,
Wood Graeme,
Lachowski Eric E.,
West Anthony R.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08771.x
Subject(s) - solid solution , phase diagram , barium titanate , materials science , diffraction , barium , phase (matter) , analytical chemistry (journal) , titanate , x ray crystallography , lattice constant , neodymium , stoichiometry , crystallography , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , laser , optics , physics , ceramic , organic chemistry , chromatography , metallurgy , composite material
A solid‐solution phase with the general formula Ba 6‐3x Nd 8+2x Ti 18 O 54 , where 0.25(5) ≤×≤ 0.75(5), has been characterized at 1250°C; this phase has been variously described as BaNd 2 Ti 4 O 12 and BaNd 2 Ti 5 O 14 in the literature. Variation in its stoichiometry is accommodated via the cation substitution mechanism, 3Ba 2 ⇆2Nd 3+ . The location and extent of the solid solution were demonstrated by a combination of phase diagram studies and X‐ray diffraction techniques, including lattice parameter measurements and electron microscopy. A combination of techniques was employed due to the insensitivity of secondary phase detection by X‐ray diffraction in this system. Using this approach, a second possible solid‐solution mechanism, Ba 2+ 2Nd 3+ ⇆2Ti 4+ , is discounted.