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Varied Atmosphere Compensation—Exploring the Roles of Barium and Bismuth in (Ba,Bi,Nb)‐Doped TiO 2 Varistors
Author(s) -
Yang SengLu,
Wu JennMing
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08637.x
Subject(s) - varistor , materials science , sintering , bismuth , doping , barium , microstructure , grain boundary , ceramic , dopant , diffusion , reducing atmosphere , barium fluoride , atmosphere (unit) , electroceramics , mineralogy , evaporation , composite material , metallurgy , optoelectronics , fabrication , electrical engineering , thermodynamics , chemistry , voltage , physics , nuclear physics , engineering , medicine , microfabrication , alternative medicine , pathology
A novel (Ba,Bi,Nb)‐doped TiO 2 ceramic was previously proved to be potentially useful as a varistor material. The present work attempts to clarify the roles of the dopants, Ba and Bi. Varied atmosphere compensation is an effective method to achieve the goal. The results show that varied atmosphere compensation had only a little influence on grain growth and microstructures in the interior of the sintered samples, whereas the varistor properties were affected greatly. Samples compensating with Ba are more beneficial to the boundary barrier than samples compensating with Bi only. Furthermore, samples compensating with both Ba and Bi are better than those compensating with Ba only. This is induced by different degrees of Bi evaporation and Ba diffusion from sintered compacts when sintering proceeds at high temperature.