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Pyrolysis of Pb(Zr 0 5 Ti 0 5 )O 3 Precursors: Avoiding Lead Partitioning
Author(s) -
Polli Andrew D.,
Lange Fred F.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb07986.x
Subject(s) - alkoxide , pyrolysis , titanium , zirconium , hydrolysis , inorganic chemistry , sol gel , chemistry , nuclear chemistry , materials science , catalysis , organic chemistry , nanotechnology
Three different chemical precursor routes were investigated to synthesize Pb(Zr 05 Ti 05 )O 3 : mixing hexanoates, acetate complexing of alkoxides, and the synthesis of a mixed alkoxide by the reaction of titanium alkoxide and zirconium alkoxide with lead acetate. For each, elemental Pb and PbO were the first crystalline phase observed during pyrolysis conditions that involved rapid heating (e.g., to 400°C). The formation of Pb (and PbO) could be avoided by first heattreating hydrolyzed, mixed alkoxide precursor powders at 300°C for 1 h. This treatment was not effective for the two other precursors. It is concluded that both the carbonaceous content of the precursor (lowest for the hydrolyzed, mixed alkoxides) and the rate of hydrocarbon release during pyrolysis are critical to avoid the formation of elemental Pb during pyrolysis.