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Metastable Phase Selection and Partitioning in ZrO 2 —MgO Processed from Liquid Precursors
Author(s) -
Balmer Mari Lou,
Lange Fred F.,
Levi Carlos G.
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04164.x
Subject(s) - zirconium , tetragonal crystal system , crystallization , phase (matter) , monoclinic crystal system , materials science , crystallography , metastability , magnesium , analytical chemistry (journal) , inorganic chemistry , mineralogy , chemistry , crystal structure , metallurgy , organic chemistry
Aqueous mixtures of either zirconium acetate or zirconium nitrate and magnesium nitrate were dried and subsequently pyrolyzed at fast heating rates (upquenching) to form metastable crystalline phases of ZrO 2 with various degrees of MgO supersaturation. The crystallization temperature was determined to be 380°C for the zirconium acetate, and 270°C for the zirconium nitrate at a heating rate of 5°C/min. The crystalline structures were characterized as a function of MgO content and thermal history for specimens containing 0 to 30 mol% MgO. Upquenching to 900°C, where monoclinic ( m ) ZrO 2 and MgO are the equilibrium phases, yielded single‐phase tetragonal ( t ) ZrO 2 (<8 mol% MgO), single‐phase cubic ( c ) ZrO 2 (9 to 17 mol% MgO), and two‐phase c ‐ZrO 2 + MgO structures (>17 mol% MgO). The composition for which T 0 ( t/c ) = 900°C was estimated as 9 ± 1 mol% MgO. Compositions crystallizing as metastable t ‐ZrO 2 (<8 mol% MgO) partitioned at higher temperatures and/or longer times into two‐phase mixtures, following the general sequence t → t + m → m + MgO. Similarly, compositions forming metastable c ‐ZrO 2 (10 to 30 mol% MgO) partitioned in the following sequence: c → c + t + MgO → t + MgO → t + m + Mgo → m + Mgo. The initial phase selection and subsequent partitioning sequence are discussed in light of phase hierarchies predicted from thermodynamic concepts and kinetic constraints which are introduced by the solute partitioning required to achieve equilibrium.