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Sol–Gel Kinetics Followed by Cylindrical Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy
Author(s) -
Kline Andrew A.,
Mullins Michael E.,
Cornilsen Bahne C.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb06799.x
Subject(s) - kinetics , sol gel , hydrolysis , infrared , chemistry , infrared spectroscopy , analytical chemistry (journal) , attenuated total reflection , reaction rate , diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform , ethanol , condensation , spectroscopy , chemical engineering , materials science , chromatography , catalysis , optics , thermodynamics , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , photocatalysis , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
This paper describes a unique solution infrared technique, a cylindrical attenuated total reflectance cell, to monitor in situ kinetics of the sol‐gel process, especially at short times after mixing. The sol‐gel kinetics of acidic ethanol : TEOS : Al(III) solutions have been followed as a function of temperature and aluminum concentration. The hydrolysis rate and the condensation rate increase with temperature and Al/Si ratio. The Al(III) hydrolysis and concomitant increase in acidity increase the reaction rate. By controlling the initial pH, it is seen that a higher Al(III) concentration itself increases the reaction rate. The properties of a sol‐gel glass depend upon the kinetics, which are controlled by the processing conditions, including cation content.