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Conventionally Prepared Submicrometer Lead‐Based Perovskite Powders by Reactive Calcination
Author(s) -
Shrout Thomas R.,
Papet Philippe,
Kim Sunuk,
Lee GyeSong
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05236.x
Subject(s) - calcination , materials science , raw material , sintering , reagent , grain size , perovskite (structure) , mineralogy , chemical engineering , reactive material , metallurgy , chemistry , catalysis , biochemistry , organic chemistry , engineering
Submicrometer powders of various Pb‐based perovskites, including PbTiO 3 , PbZrO 3 , Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 , and Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 were prepared by a reactive calcination process. Using only reagent‐grade raw materials and conventional processing techniques, highly reactive powders were produced by reacting the materials near the temperature of maximum volumetric expansion. At this point, the morphological development results in a skeletal‐type structure consisting of ultrafine particulates that can be readily broken down further by milling. Powder sizes less than 0.3 μm and as small as 70 nm generally only achievable using chemical processing techniques were achieved. The highly reactive powders allowed densification to occur at temperatures as low as ∼900°C with correspondingly small grain sizes. A model describing the physiochemical behavior and associated morphological development of Pb‐based perovskites was herein proposed.