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Formation of (111) Twins in BaTiO 3 Ceramics
Author(s) -
Eibl Oliver,
Pongratz Peter,
Skalicky Peter,
Schmelz Helmut
Publication year - 1987
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1987.tb05724.x
Subject(s) - calcination , materials science , microstructure , ceramic , mineralogy , crystallography , oxide , diffraction , mixed oxide , grain size , powder diffraction , chemical engineering , composite material , metallurgy , chemistry , optics , catalysis , organic chemistry , physics , engineering
(111) twins are found frequently in the microstructure of BaTiO 3 ceramics prepared by the mixed‐oxide technique. The processing steps by which the (111) twins are formed are in question. A BaCO 3 ‐TiO 2 powder mixture is milled and then Calcined at 1100°C for 2 h, where BaTiO 3 is formed by the release of CO 2 . After the powder is calcined, it is analyzed by TEM. Image and diffraction pattern data are combined to prove the presence of (111) twins in powder particles; the formation of (111) twins occurred frequently during calcination. The formation mechanism of such twins and their role during anomalous grain growth are discussed.