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Transmission Electron Microscopy and X‐Ray Diffraction of Doped Tricalcium Silicate
Author(s) -
SINCLAIR W.,
GROVES G. W.
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1984.tb19531.x
Subject(s) - crystallography , transmission electron microscopy , electron diffraction , diffraction , doping , materials science , triclinic crystal system , x ray crystallography , crystal structure , superlattice , powder diffraction , hexagonal crystal system , lattice constant , chemistry , nanotechnology , optics , physics , optoelectronics
Member of oxides, including MgO, ZnO, La 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and F were reacted with C 3 S, either individually or in combination, in order to stabilize a variety of polymorphic forms. The resultant phases were examined by both XRD and TEM. It was found that the results obtained by the conventional means of observing groups of reflections in powder X‐ray diffraction patterns were not in agreement with the structure types identified by electron diffraction. In particular, the rhombohedral form of alite, synthesized by the addition of either ZnO or Al 2 O 3 + F to C 3 S, was not observed by TEM although the corresponding X‐ray patterns all displayed single peaks characteristic of the rhombohedral cell. Electron diffraction of C,S doped with 2.02 and 4.43% ZnO gave mono‐clinic patterns, whereas C 3 S doped with Al + F gave several forms, all of them different from the form produced by ZnO‐doped C 3 S. The addition of La 2 0 3 produced a new hexagonal lattice with cell dimensions of a = 2.575 and c = 2.50 nm. When Al + F was incorporated in C 3 S, the modifications found included the triclinic lattice characteristic of pure C 3 S, the hexagonal lattice characteristic of La‐doped C 3 S, and a complex lattice distinguished by the presence of incommensurate doublet reflections and sometimes extra weak spots. A similar incommensurate superlattice was found in alites containing Mg, Al, and a large amount of Ti (0.13 mole). The Jeffery cell for the Mm modification of C 3 S doped with 1.63% MgO was confirmed.