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Substitution of Bi and Nb Ions in Lead Zirconate‐Titanate
Author(s) -
ATKIN R. B.,
HOLMAN R. L.,
FULRATH RICHARD M.
Publication year - 1971
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1971.tb12231.x
Subject(s) - lead zirconate titanate , perovskite (structure) , ion , ionic bonding , materials science , substitution (logic) , crystal structure , mineralogy , inorganic chemistry , crystallography , analytical chemistry (journal) , ferroelectricity , chemistry , dielectric , organic chemistry , optoelectronics , computer science , programming language
Solid‐state substitution of Bi and Nb ions in the perovskite crystal structure of Pb(Ti 0.47 Zr 0.53 )O 3 was investigated by sample weight changes at 1150°C in an “equilibrium” PbO atmosphere. A model is discussed that includes the effect of charge neutralization, requiring weight losses for A‐site substitutions and weight gains for B‐site substitutions. Experiments support the substitution of Bi as Bi 3+ on the Pb 2+ A site and Nb as Nb 5+ on the (Ti,Zr) 4+ B site of lead zirconate‐titanate. For each mole of BiO 1.5 added to a specimen, 1.5 moles of PbO are lost; for each mole of NbO 2.5 added, 0.5 moles of PbO are gained. These results agree with the proposed model and with ionic size arguments. The weight changes were time‐dependent during the first 30 to 40 h at 1150°C. This behavior is accounted for by the presence of transient second phases.