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Crystallization and Phase Transformation in TiO 2 ‐Opacified Porcelain Enamels: 11, Cornparison of Theory with Experiment
Author(s) -
EPPLER R. A.
Publication year - 1969
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1969.tb13349.x
Subject(s) - anatase , rutile , crystallization , solubility , materials science , thermodynamics , mineralogy , phase (matter) , yield (engineering) , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemical engineering , chemistry , metallurgy , chromatography , organic chemistry , physics , photocatalysis , engineering , catalysis
Equations were developed to predict the concentrations of anatase and rutile in a TiO 2 opacified porcelain enamel as a function of the time and temperature of firing. These equations were applicable over the entire useful firing range: from 660° to 940°C and from 1 to 64 min. The constants in these equations yield solubility data as well as the appropriate rates. The solubility versus temperature curve is bimodal. The activation energies are 87.4 kcal/mol for inversion of anatase to rutile, 32.0 kcal/mol for crystallization of anatase, and 28.3 kcal/mol for crystallization of rutile.