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High‐Field Losses of Adulterated Lead Zirconate‐Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics
Author(s) -
GDULA R. A.
Publication year - 1968
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1968.tb15928.x
Subject(s) - lead zirconate titanate , ceramic , valency , stoichiometry , materials science , valence (chemistry) , titanate , piezoelectricity , mineralogy , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , composite material , ferroelectricity , dielectric , optoelectronics , chromatography , linguistics , philosophy , organic chemistry
The high‐field losses of adulterated lead zirconate‐titanate ceramics were compared on the basis of rates of temperature rise of standard‐size samples in the same transducer configuration. Systematic chemical modification in light of the ionic model of the perovskite structure was used to produce ceramics with widely varying high‐field behavior. High‐field losses could be greatly reduced by adulteration of either cation site with ions of lower than normal valency. At 1 at.% concentration, lowest losses were found with adulterants whose valence was one unit less than normal. The results are explained as stoichiometric effects. Normal air‐fired lead zirconate‐titanate ceramics are considered to be deficient in metal tons. Adulteration with subvalent cations reduces the iotal oxygen content of the ceramic and brings it toward true ABO 3 stoichiometry. Lowest losses are postulated for truly stoichiometric bodies.