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Hydrothermally Grown ZnO Crystals of Low and Intermediate Resistivity
Author(s) -
KOLB E. D.,
LAUDISE R. A.
Publication year - 1966
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1966.tb13268.x
Subject(s) - electrical resistivity and conductivity , crystallization , lithium (medication) , materials science , doping , analytical chemistry (journal) , crystal (programming language) , mineralogy , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , medicine , optoelectronics , organic chemistry , chromatography , endocrinology , computer science , electrical engineering , programming language , engineering
Single crystals of zinc oxide in the resistivity range 10 1 to 10 10 ohm‐cm were prepared by hydrothermal crystallization using controlled lithium doping. Lithium concentration in the crystals ranged from 0.4 to 6 × 10 18 atoms/cm 3 when the LiOH concentration in the hydrothermal growth solutions ranged from 0 to 2.0 molal. The logarithm of the resistivity is nearly linear with the lithium concentration of the grown crystal. Calculations of apparent mobility show that either the donor concentration is a function of the lithium concentration during growth or not all the lithium in the grown crystals acts as acceptors. Crystals with resistivities as low as 10 −2 ohm‐cm were prepared by doping with indium which acts as a donor. Crystals were grown in solutions containing NH 4 + + LiOH. The NH 4 + had a negligible effect on resistivity but it markedly increased the rate of crystallization on the (1010) (prism) face. A study of the occasionally produced anomalous crystals grown in silver‐lined autoclaves showed that resistivity anomalies were not due to silver‐doping of the grown crystals.