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Ferroelectrics of Ultrafine Particle Size: I, Synthesis of Titanate Powders of Ultrafine Particle Size
Author(s) -
KISS KLARA,
MAGDER JULES,
VUKASOVICH MARK S.,
LOCKHART ROBERT J.
Publication year - 1966
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1966.tb13265.x
Subject(s) - barium titanate , particle size , materials science , ultrafine particle , stoichiometry , particle (ecology) , barium hydroxide , chemical engineering , mineralogy , calcium hydroxide , particle size distribution , oxalate , lead titanate , ferroelectricity , ceramic , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , metallurgy , chemistry , dielectric , oceanography , optoelectronics , geology , engineering
Two methods used to synthesize high‐purity ferroelectric titanate powders in controlled, narrow size distributions, with average particle diameters <1000 A, were: (1) isothermal pyrolysis of barium titanyl oxalate or mixed calcium‐barium titanyl oxalates as low as 550° and 825°C, respectively, average particle sizes depending strongly on the pyrolysis temperature; and (2) hydrolysis of titanate esters in barium hydroxide. Using solvent media of controlled polarity, high‐purity stoichiometric BaTiO 3 was obtained with average sizes as small as 100 A. Factors affecting stoichiometry and particle size are discussed in terms of assumed reaction mechanisms.