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Characteristic Imperfections in Flux‐Grown Crystals of Yttrium Iron Garnet
Author(s) -
LEFEVER R. A.,
CHASE A. B.,
TORPY JUANITA W.
Publication year - 1961
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1961.tb13729.x
Subject(s) - yttrium , yttrium iron garnet , crystal (programming language) , materials science , flux (metallurgy) , oxide , iron oxide , crystallography , crystal growth , mineralogy , chemistry , metallurgy , condensed matter physics , physics , computer science , programming language
Crystals of yttrium iron garnet grown from lead oxide and lead oxide‐lead fluoride flux systems are inhomogeneous and contain characteristic imperfections that may be significant in the evaluation of physical properties. A petrographic study of single‐crystal sections has revealed dendritic nuclei, oriented layers of submicroscopic foreign material located in the outer regions of the crystals, and oriented occlusions in intermediate positions. Changes in the appearance of thin sections resulting from the use of an oxygen atmosphere during synthesis combined with other observations indicate that divalent iron contributes to inhomogeneities and imperfections present in yttrium iron garnet crystals. Growth mechanisms involving an initial dendritic stage with (100) and (111) fast‐growth directions followed by layered growth parallel to major crystal planes, normally (110) and (211), can be deduced from the appearance and location of crystal imperfections.