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Application of Sonic Moduli of Elasticity and Rigidity to Testing of Heavy Refractories
Author(s) -
WILLMORE T. A.,
DEGENKOLB R. S.,
HERRON R. H.,
ALLEN A. W.
Publication year - 1954
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1954.tb13976.x
Subject(s) - young's modulus , elasticity (physics) , moduli , elastic modulus , materials science , poisson's ratio , composite material , bulk modulus , modulus , aggregate modulus , shear modulus , brick , poisson distribution , mathematics , dynamic modulus , physics , statistics , dynamic mechanical analysis , polymer , quantum mechanics
The application of A.S.T.M. C 215‐51 T (Tentative Method of Test for Fundamental Transverse Frequency of Concrete Specimens for Calculating Young's Modulus of Elasticity) to the nondestructive testing of 1‐ by 1‐ by 7‐in. laboratory fire‐clay specimens and standard 9‐in. fire‐clay and high‐alumina refractory brick is reviewed. Both room‐temperature measurements and hot sonic modulus of elasticity measurements to 1700°F. are analyzed. Sonic moduli of elasticity and rigidity are compared with modulus of rupture by a theory of measurements and statistical analysis. The limits of uncertainty of the average of modulus of rupture are shown to be a function of the degree of verification whereas in the case of both sonic moduli they are not. Limits of uncertainty of the average of sonic moduli data are usually of the same order as errors calculated from the precision of measurements. In the case of modulus of rupture of well‐vitrified clays, the uncertainty of the average is much greater than calculated error limits. Sonic moduli differentiate statistically between two samples of 60% alumina brick whereas modulus of rupture does not. If Poisson's ratio is assumed to be zero rather than the conventional one‐sixth, ratios of sonic modulus of elasticity to rigidity are shown to approximate the theoretical ratio more closely. Effects of nonuniform density to displace normal nodes are illustrated. Hot sonic modulus of elasticity is shown to reflect changes due to crystallographic inversions, deterioration of chemical bond in unfired brick, and development of sintered bond in unfired brick.