SOME INTERESTING PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM STEELS *

A bstract Steel containing sufficient titanium to combine with all of the carbon does not react with vitreous enamels like ordinary low‐carbon steel or ingot iron so that white cover‐coat enamels, without a ground coat, can be fused on it without blistering or black specking. The titanium content must be more than 4.5 times the carbon content. This steel has been made commercially by the basic open‐hearth process, and the requirements for successful manufacture are explained. It is of excellent quality for deep‐drawing and does not have a definite yield point even when normalized or annealed so that stretcher strains cannot occur in it. It is not subject to strain aging of any kind, even when strained as much as 17% and aged at 450°F. It is resistant to caustic embrittlement, and to attack by hydrogen at high temperatures and pressures, and it also resists sagging at enameling temperatures better than regular enameling steel or iron. The yield strength of this steel at room temperature as now manufactured commercially is low, but titanium steels of higher strength containing manganese, nickel, and copper are described, which have the same favorable enameling quality. These stronger steels have excellent ductility and toughness, fair weldability, good resistance to strain‐aging embrittlement, and better resistance to grain growth at high temperature than the regular titanium enameling steel. Their properties, however, still remain to be checked on commercial heats.