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GLASS DENSITIES BY SETTLING METHOD *
Author(s) -
Knight Mellen A.
Publication year - 1945
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1945.tb14496.x
Subject(s) - reproducibility , float glass , glass tube , standard deviation , settling , specific gravity , densitometer , materials science , tube (container) , tray , linear density , analytical chemistry (journal) , mathematics , composite material , mineralogy , mechanics , chemistry , optics , thermodynamics , chromatography , mechanical engineering , statistics , physics , engineering
A bstract A simplified sink‐float apparatus and method for measuring the densities of lumps of glass are described. Several lumps, of approximately two grams weight, of unknown density and one lump of glass of known density are placed in a heavy‐liquids mixture contained in a test tube. The tube is immersed in a water bath that is heated automatically at a uniform rate; as the lumps settle, the temperature is noted at which each lump passes a reference line marked on the tube. The density of each unknown may be expressed simply in terms of the difference between its temperature and that for the standard lump, or these temperature differences can be converted to density differences or to absolute densities. The precision (reproducibility) of the measurements is represented by a standard deviation of approximately =0.0001 gm. per cc. The method is rapid and convenient and requires a minimum of training of the operator. It is believed to be more practical for plant laboratories than the other available methods. It is especially applicable to measurement of daily densities for production control in glass plants and to trouble‐shooting investigations of composition heterogeneities; large numbers of samples can be tested rapidly and precisely. Complete information as to sampling, operation, and calculations is given.