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SOLUBILITY OF COLORED GLAZES IN ORGANIC ACIDS *
Author(s) -
Geller R. F.,
Creamer A. S.
Publication year - 1939
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1939.tb19439.x
Subject(s) - glaze , citric acid , ceramic glaze , distilled water , colored , pulp and paper industry , acetic acid , chemistry , food preparation , solubility , food additive , environmental science , metallurgy , waste management , materials science , food science , engineering , chromatography , organic chemistry , food safety , composite material , ceramic
A bstract The purpose of this study was to determine primarily which, if any, of the glazes tested constituted a health hazard because of lead or other toxic oxides which might be dissolved from them; and, secondarily, to develop suitable test procedures for future control work. A conference of representatives of the U. S. Potters Association, the Food and Drug Administration of the Department of Agriculture, and the National Bureau of Standards was held, and a series of accelerated and simulative service tests was outlined. These tests were made on specimens from six cooperating manufacturers. It was shown that the lead extracted by pouring either hot, distilled vinegar (5% acetic acid) or an 0.5% solution of citric acid in a cup and leaving it to cool in contact with the glaze for 1 / 2 hr. would be as much, or more, than the lead normally extracted by jams and fruit juices. With the same or a similar test procedure, a citric‐acid solution of 10% strength may be required to indicate how much lead might be taken up by lemonade or vinegar. The results also indicate that glazes of one color only, among those tested, constitute a probable health hazard. Two other glazes from one manufacturer, however, were found to be marginal, and a third may cause trouble if indicated corrective measures, such as a preliminary acid wash, should be neglected by the manufacturer.