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SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEHYDRATION AND FIRING BEHAVIOR OF CLAYS 1
Author(s) -
Geller R. F.,
Wadleige W. H.
Publication year - 1927
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1927.tb18481.x
Subject(s) - kiln , brick , dehydration , water vapor , environmental science , materials science , mineralogy , waste management , geology , metallurgy , chemistry , composite material , engineering , biochemistry , organic chemistry
The results of laboratory studies of the drying and water‐smoking behavior of twelve clays, typical of those used in the manufacture of clay structural units, are given and correlated with data obtained at plants during the firing of ware made from these same clays. There is evidently considerable difference in the time required to dry the materials investigated and it is indicated that the fire clays as a group are considerably more difficult to dry than are shales and surface clays. The results also indicate that the removal of hygroscopic and chemically combined water, as initially contained in the clay, are not important factors in regard to the time required to watersmoke and fire clay ware under plant conditions. With proper equipment it would appear to be possible to fire clay ware, approximating brick and paving block in size and shape, to 1832°F in 20 hours, but that the following conditions in practice may necessitate a longer firing time than that shown to be satisfactory in the laboratory: (1) the heating of ware which is not “bone dry” and which necessitates completion of the drying operation in the kiln; (2) the time required to complete oxidation; (3) the limitations necessitated by the kiln construction, the brick work of which may be destroyed by too rapid heating and cooling; (4) limitations of kiln design because of which enormous differences in temperature would develop throughout the setting by too rapid heating; and (5) insufficient movement of furnace gases to promptly remove all water vapor.