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21. On the Ground‐plan of Wing‐pattern in Nymphalids and certain other Families of the Rhopaloeerous Lepidoptera.
Author(s) -
Schwanwitsch B. N.
Publication year - 1924
Publication title -
proceedings of the zoological society of london
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.915
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1469-7998
pISSN - 0370-2774
DOI - 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1924.tb01511.x
Subject(s) - lepidoptera genitalia , wing , schema (genetic algorithms) , plan (archaeology) , mathematics , pure mathematics , computer science , geography , biology , engineering , structural engineering , ecology , information retrieval , archaeology
Summary.1 A prototype (schema) of the wing‐pattern is constructed (Pl. I. fig. 1), which is intended as a ground‐plan of the pattern in the families Satyridæ, Morphidæ, Brassolidæ, and Nymphalidæ. 2 The prototype is composed of a number of dark stripes and spots, which are designated by corresponding terms. The formula of the pattern may be obtained by writing together the indices of these terms. 3 The prototype is realized only partially in existing patterns; the formulæ of the latter are incomplete. 4 In each of the families mentioned a series of patterns may be found which complement each other, and in this way it may be shown that a family realizes the prototype with sufficient compléteness. In summing up the incomplete formulæ of existing patterns we obtain a more or less complete formula of the family. 5 The general significance of the prototype is strengthened by the fact that about a half of the Rhopalocerous (s. str.) genera (excl. Hesperidæ) belong to the four families studied. 6 A partial realization of the same prototype takes place in other families of Lepidoptera.