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A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems
Author(s) -
Navarro Xavier,
Krueger Thilo B.,
Lago Natalia,
Micera Silvestro,
Stieglitz Thomas,
Dario Paolo
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of the peripheral nervous system
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1529-8027
pISSN - 1085-9489
DOI - 10.1111/j.1085-9489.2005.10303.x
Subject(s) - neural prosthesis , neuroprosthetics , neuroscience , peripheral nervous system , computer science , sensory system , interface (matter) , functional electrical stimulation , biomedical engineering , medicine , stimulation , central nervous system , biology , parallel computing , bubble , maximum bubble pressure method
Considerable scientific and technological efforts have been devoted to develop neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems that link the human nervous system with electronic or robotic prostheses, with the main aim of restoring motor and sensory functions in disabled patients. A number of neuroprostheses use interfaces with peripheral nerves or muscles for neuromuscular stimulation and signal recording. Herein, we provide a critical overview of the peripheral interfaces available and trace their use from research to clinical application in controlling artificial and robotic prostheses. The first section reviews the different types of non‐invasive and invasive electrodes, which include surface and muscular electrodes that can record EMG signals from and stimulate the underlying or implanted muscles. Extraneural electrodes, such as cuff and epineurial electrodes, provide simultaneous interface with many axons in the nerve, whereas intrafascicular, penetrating, and regenerative electrodes may contact small groups of axons within a nerve fascicle. Biological, technological, and material science issues are also reviewed relative to the problems of electrode design and tissue injury. The last section reviews different strategies for the use of information recorded from peripheral interfaces and the current state of control neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems.