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Amygdala Lesions Increase IL‐8 and MIP‐1[alpha] Gene Expression in Dermal Wound Tissue
Author(s) -
Engeland C.G.,
Kalin N.H.,
Shelton S.E.,
Harraldson M.H.,
Marucha P.T.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
wound repair and regeneration
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.847
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1524-475X
pISSN - 1067-1927
DOI - 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130216bp.x
Subject(s) - chemokine , proinflammatory cytokine , lesion , amygdala , wound healing , inflammation , medicine , alpha (finance) , pathology , gene expression , immunology , endocrinology , chemistry , surgery , gene , construct validity , biochemistry , patient satisfaction
Cortisol has been shown to impact upon wound healing through its immunosuppressive properties, and its release is modulated by the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) which is involved in fear and stress reactions. This study assessed the role of the CeA in modulating proinflammatory chemokine expression following wounding, under both stress and nonstress conditions. Bilaterally CeA‐lesioned rhesus monkeys and nonoperated controls received separate dermal wounds on 3 consecutive days. Six hours postwounding, tissue biopsies were obtained from each wound. Following this, animals were subjected to 2 h of confinement as a stressor. Thus, examination of tissues on day 1 represented a nonstressed condition, and on days 2–3 a stressed condition. Using real‐time PCR, we determined mRNA expression for IL‐8 and MIP‐1[alpha] in wounded and unwounded tissue, two chemokines critical in the recruitment and activation of neutrophils and monocytes in response to tissue injury. Analyses revealed that tissue mRNA levels for IL‐8 and MIP‐1[alpha] were increased in both groups following wounding. However, these rises were significantly greater in CeA‐lesioned animals than controls. Repeated stress (confinement) attenuated these increases in mRNA expression equally in both groups (days 2–3). These results indicate that the inflammatory response to skin wounds is modulated, in part, by the amygdala. However, stress‐induced alterations in inflammation are not CeA dependent for this particular stressor. Importantly, this finding indicates that a lesion of a central brain structure can impact upon peripheral wound healing parameters. (Supported by P50 DE‐13749, MH46729, MH52354, MH61083)