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Predictors of Failure to Cure Atrial Fibrillation with the Mini‐Maze Operation
Author(s) -
Szalay Zoltan A.,
Skwara Wojtek,
Klövekorn Wolf Peter,
BrunnerLa Rocca HansPeter,
Knez Igor,
Graves Kirk,
Vogt Paul R.,
Bauer Erwin P.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of cardiac surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.428
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1540-8191
pISSN - 0886-0440
DOI - 10.1111/j.0886-0440.2004.04001.x
Subject(s) - medicine , atrial fibrillation , cardiology , heart failure
Background: Maze‐III is a complex surgical procedure designed to treat chronic atrial fibrillation. A reduction in the number of right and left atrial incisions could decrease the operative time. The aim of this study was to assess the results of a mini‐maze operation and to define predictors of its failure. Methods: Between 1995 and 2000, 72 patients (mean age 64 ± 9 years) undergoing cardiac surgery had a concomitant mini‐maze operation for symptomatic chronic atrial fibrillation. Three and 12 months postoperatively, heart rhythm and left atrial transport functions were assessed by electrophysiology, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging . Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of failure of the mini‐maze operation. Results: Operative mortality was 1.4% (1/72). Death during follow‐up occurred in 5.6% of patients (4/71), in one due to chronic heart failure. After 1 year, 80% of patients (48/60) were either in sinus rhythm ( n = 43; 72%) or had a pacemaker (n = 5; 8%) implanted due to sick sinus syndrome. Intermittent and chronic atrial fibrillation was found in 20% of patients (12/60). Preoperative duration of atrial fibrillation (p = 0.05), preoperative left atrial diameter (p = 0.001), preoperative right atrial diameter (p = 0.02), a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.03), an increased left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (p = 0.04), and the presence of mitral valve stenosis (p = 0.001) were found to be univariate predictors of failure of the mini‐maze operation 1 year postoperatively. Multivariate analysis defined preoperative diagnosis of mitral valve stenosis (p = 0.005; OR 117.5), longer duration of preoperative atrial fibrillation (p = 0.01; OR 1.33), and increased preoperative left ventricular end‐systolic diameter (p = 0.02; OR 1.2) as incremental independent risk factors for failure of the mini‐maze operation to cure chronic atrial fibrillation. Conclusion: The mini‐maze operation is a safe procedure with similar results to that of Cox's Maze‐III operation. The less‐invasive mini‐maze operation could be applicable even to patients with severely reduced left ventricular function, in whom complex cardiac surgery has to be performed concomitantly as well as in those presenting severe comorbidities. (J Card Surg 2004;19:1‐6)