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The role of physiological self‐antigen in the acquisition and maintenance of regulatory T‐cell function
Author(s) -
Samy Eileen T.,
Setiady Yulius Y.,
Ohno Katsuhiro,
Pramoonjago Patcharin,
Sharp Colin,
Tung Kenneth S. K.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00404.x
Subject(s) - immunology , autoimmunity , antigen , priming (agriculture) , biology , t cell , regulatory t cell , immune system , immune tolerance , autoimmune disease , il 2 receptor , antibody , botany , germination
Summary: The CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) are efficient regulators of autoimmunity, but the mechanism remains elusive. We summarize recent data for the conclusion that disease‐specific Tregs respond to tissue antigens to maintain physiological tolerance and prevent autoimmunity. First, polyclonal Tregs from antigen‐positive donors suppress autoimmune ovarian disease (AOD) or experimental autoimmune prostatitis in day 3 thymectomized (d3tx) mice more efficiently than Tregs from antigen‐negative donors. Second, Tregs of antigen‐negative adult mice respond to cognate antigen in vivo and rapidly gain disease‐specific Treg function. Third, in d3tx female recipients devoid of neonatal ovarian antigens, only female Tregs suppressed AOD; the male Tregs gain AOD‐suppressing function by responding to the ovarian antigen in the recipients and mask the supremacy of female Tregs in AOD suppression. Fourth, when Tregs completely suppress AOD, the ovary‐draining lymph node is the only location with evidence of profound and persistent (but reversible) host T‐cell suppression. Fifth, from these nodes, highly potent AOD‐suppressing Tregs are retrievable. We conclude that self‐tolerance involves the continuous priming of Tregs by autoantigens, and in autoimmune disease suppression, the effector T‐cell response is continuously negated by potent disease‐specific Tregs that accumulate at the site of autoantigen presentation.