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The B7/CD28 costimulatory family in autoimmunity
Author(s) -
Keir Mary E.,
Sharpe Arlene H.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00242.x
Subject(s) - immunology , autoimmunity , peripheral tolerance , immune system , cd28 , biology , antigen , t cell , autoimmune disease , immune tolerance , antibody
Summary: Host defense is dependent on the appropriate induction of immune responses. A central concept in immunology is the ability of the immune system to differentiate foreign from self‐antigens. The failure of the immune response to recognize foreign pathogens can result in infection and disease in the host. The inappropriate response of the immune system to self‐antigens is equally problematic, leading to autoimmune disease. Central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms control self‐reactive T‐cell responses and protect peripheral tissues from autoimmune attack. This review examines the roles of B7/CD28 family members, which can augment or antagonize T‐cell receptor signaling, in the regulation of central and peripheral T‐cell tolerance. We also discuss how B7/CD28 pathways influence both T‐cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic mechanisms of regulation.