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PCS.01
Risk assessment: a brief history for ACD
Author(s) -
Steiling Winfried
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309a.x
Subject(s) - local lymph node assay , allergic contact dermatitis , medicine , skin sensitization , test (biology) , potency , risk assessment , risk analysis (engineering) , skin test , allergen , environmental health , toxicology , sensitization , immunology , computer science , allergy , biology , pathology , computer security , paleontology , tuberculosis , biochemistry , in vitro
Risk assessments of chemicals are key issues in our live. Prior to industrialisation, risk assessments based on individual experience, for the allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) for instance, after contact with allergic plants affecting the skin exposed. Today, the risk to get an ADC becomes more and more important, because of increasing contact to new chemicals because of frequent contact with consumer products. Therefore sufficient test systems are required, appropriate to estimate the sensitisation potential of individual chemicals. To be able to predict weak sensitisers, adjuvants were simultaneously injected to test animals to booster their allergic reactions. One of the most well known test method, is the maximisation test in guinea pigs according to Magnusson and Kligman. Regulatory authorities have required this method for chemical classification, as well as for estimating the risk to get sensitised when dermaly exposed. Beside the advantages of these guinea pig studies, the limitations became prominent not only in respect to ethical aspects, but also because of the lack to quantify the sensitisation potency of chemicals. To be able to perform accurate, realistic risk assessments, the knowledge of potency is becoming mandatory, especially when sensitive test methods are used. Based on the possibility to measure the biological response during induction of sensitisation, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) gets popular. Today, this test is officially accepted by regulators to give information on skin sensitisation potential. With the quantitative approach on potency, risk assessment of ACD will become much more reliable and useful for Men.