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LATITUDINAL VARIATION FOR TWO ENZYME LOCI AND AN INVERSION POLYMORPHISM IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
Author(s) -
TLand Jan,
Putten Willem F.,
Villarroel Haroldo,
Kamping Albert,
Delden Wilke Van
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.84
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1558-5646
pISSN - 0014-3820
DOI - 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00020.x
Subject(s) - biology , cline (biology) , latitude , locus (genetics) , balancing selection , evolutionary biology , chromosomal inversion , allele , drosophila melanogaster , transect , melanogaster , genetics , allele frequency , ecology , population , gene , demography , geodesy , sociology , karyotype , chromosome , geography
.— Many organisms show latitudinal variation for various genetically determined traits. Such clines may involve neutral variation and originate from historical events or their maintenance may be explained by selection. For Drosophila melanogaster , latitudinal variation for allozymes, inversions, and quantitative traits has been found on several continents. We sampled D. melanogaster populations in Panama and along a transect of 40 latitudinal degrees on the west coast of South America. Negative correlations with latitude were found for Adh s and α Gpdh F allele frequencies and for the frequency of the cosmopolitan inversion In(2L)t in Adh s αpdh F chromosomes. A positive correlation existed between wing length and latitude. Significant correlations were found between these traits and climatic variables like temperature and rainfall. The observed clines show considerable resemblance to those found on other continents. Gametic disequilibrium between Adh s and αGpdh F occurred predominantly at higher latitudes and was caused by the presence of In(2L)t . The reasons for the clinal distributions are discussed and it is argued that selection is the most likely explanation. However, the exact nature of the selective force and the interactions of allozymes with each other and with In(2L)t are complex and not fully understood. In tropical regions In(2L)t ‐containing genotypes have higher fitness than ST/ST and Adh and αGpdh hitchhike with the inversion, but there is also evidence for balancing selection at the Adh locus.