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Successful treatment with enoximone for severe poisoning with atenolol and verapamil: a case report
Author(s) -
Sandroni C.,
Cavallaro F.,
Addario C.,
Ferro G.,
Gallizzi F.,
Antonelli M.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
acta anaesthesiologica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.738
H-Index - 107
eISSN - 1399-6576
pISSN - 0001-5172
DOI - 10.1111/j.0001-3072.2004.00398.x
Subject(s) - medicine , atenolol , inotrope , verapamil , enoximone , practolol , adrenergic beta antagonists , glucagon , pharmacology , beta (programming language) , adrenergic receptor , heart failure , calcium channel , cardiology , calcium , receptor , propranolol , hormone , blood pressure , computer science , programming language
Combined poisoning with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and beta‐blockers is usually associated with severe hypotension and heart failure. Due to the block of the beta receptors, treatment with adrenergic agonists, even at high doses, can be insufficient, and beta‐independent inotropes, such as glucagon, may be required. Phosphodiesterase III (PDEIII) inhibitors represent a possible alternative to glucagon in these cases as they have an inotropic effect which is not mediated by a beta receptor.