Open AccessLow‐pathogenicity influenza viruses replicate differently in laughing gulls and mallards
Author(s) -
Criado Miria F.,
Moresco Kira A.,
Stallknecht David E.,
Swayne David E.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
influenza and other respiratory viruses
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.743
H-Index - 57
eISSN - 1750-2659
pISSN - 1750-2640
DOI - 10.1111/irv.12878
Subject(s) - biology , infectivity , viral shedding , virology , influenza a virus subtype h5n1 , transmission (telecommunications) , pathogenicity , cloaca , influenza a virus , feces , virus , anas , natural reservoir , microbiology and biotechnology , zoology , ecology , electrical engineering , engineering
Wild aquatic birds are natural reservoirs of low‐pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs). Laughing gulls inoculated with four gull‐origin LPAIVs (H7N3, H6N4, H3N8, and H2N3) had a predominate respiratory infection. By contrast, mallards inoculated with two mallard‐origin LPAIVs (H5N6 and H4N8) became infected and had similar virus titers in oropharyngeal (OP) and cloacal (CL) swabs. The trend toward predominate OP shedding in gulls suggest a greater role of direct bird transmission in maintenance, whereas mallards shedding suggests importance of fecal‐oral transmission through water contamination. Additional infectivity and pathogenesis studies are needed to confirm this replication difference for LPAI viruses in gulls.