Collective and Individual Conflicts in the Workplace: Evidence from F rance

This article investigates whether collective disputes and individual disputes are substitutes in F rench workplaces. Using a nationally representative dataset, this article focuses on two prominent and distinct individual disputes in F rance, that is, employee applications to E mployment T ribunals and employer disciplinary action, and considers alternately strikes and non‐strike disputes at the collective level. Our results suggest that collective disputes, with or without a strike, are substitutes only for E mployment T ribunal claims, due to a significant negative relationship between them. In contrast, collective disputes are found to heighten disciplinary action in F rench workplaces.