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Emotion regulation from infancy to toddlerhood: Individual and group trajectories of full‐term and very‐low‐birthweight preterm infants
Author(s) -
Atkinson Nicole H.,
Jean Amélie D. L.,
Stack Dale M.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
infancy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.361
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1532-7078
pISSN - 1525-0008
DOI - 10.1111/infa.12405
Subject(s) - psychology , distraction , developmental psychology , cognitive psychology
Abstract Adaptive emotion regulation begins with infants operating jointly with their parents to regulate their emotions, which fosters the development of independent regulation. Little is known about when or how this transition occurs, or the impact of factors such as parental availability or premature birth status. The current study examined the use of self‐soothing, attentional distraction, and dyadic regulation in full‐term and healthy very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) preterm infant‐mother dyads at 5 ½, 12, and 18 months of age. At 5 ½ months, dyads participated in the Still‐Face procedure. At 12 and 18 months, dyads participated in two free‐play interactions, a puzzle task, and an interference task. Emotion regulation behaviors were coded using two systematic, observational systems. Results indicated that infants used less self‐soothing and attentional distraction and more dyadic regulation as they aged. Increased use of self‐soothing at earlier ages predicted increased use of dyadic regulation at subsequent ages. Toddlers used more independent, attention‐seeking, and escape behavior during periods of maternal unavailability. There were no significant differences between full‐term and VLBW/preterm toddlers’ emotion regulation behaviors. Results from the current study contribute to the understanding of normative development of emotion regulation and the risk associated with prematurity.