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Organophosphate and phthalate esters in settled dust from apartment buildings in S tockholm
Author(s) -
Luongo G.,
Östman C.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
indoor air
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.387
H-Index - 99
eISSN - 1600-0668
pISSN - 0905-6947
DOI - 10.1111/ina.12217
Subject(s) - phthalate , organophosphate , triphenyl phosphate , environmental chemistry , chemistry , phosphate , inhalation exposure , tris , dibutyl phthalate , reference dose , diethyl phthalate , toxicology , fire retardant , pesticide , organic chemistry , risk assessment , toxicity , biochemistry , computer security , computer science , agronomy , biology
In this study, the occurrence of nine phthalate diesters (phthalates) and 14 organophosphorus flame retardants ( PFR s) was investigated in 62 house dust samples collected from 19 buildings in Stockholm area during the year 2008. Eight phthalates were detected in almost all samples, with median concentrations ranging from 0.47 μ g/g to 449 μ g/g with di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate being the most abundant compound. Twelve PFR s were detected with median concentrations ranging from 0.19 μ g/g to 11 μ g/g. Within this class of compounds, the most abundant were tris(2‐chloroisopropyl) and tris(2‐butoxyethyl) phosphate. Both classes of compounds were also measured in the air of the apartments, but no correlation between air and dust concentrations could be found. Based on these measurements, exposure, via house dust ingestion and air inhalation, was calculated for adults and toddlers, and compared to published limit values in order to estimate potential health risks. In an extreme exposure scenario for toddlers, di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, tris(2‐chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2‐butoxyethyl) phosphate, and tributyl phosphate were close to the reference dose for chronic oral exposure or the tolerable daily intake. Standard R eference M aterial SRM 2585 was used as a quality control sample, and the levels of diisononyl and diisodecyl phthalates were determined in this material.