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Chemokines and other mediators in the development and functional organization of lymph nodes
Author(s) -
Eckert Nadine,
Permanyer Marc,
Yu Kai,
Werth Kathrin,
Förster Reinhold
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/imr.12746
Subject(s) - homing (biology) , immune system , biology , chemokine , lymph , lymphatic system , acquired immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , antigen , medicine , pathology , ecology
Summary Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes ( LN s) are the main inductive sites for adaptive immune responses. Lymphocytes are constantly entering LN s, scanning the environment for their cognate antigen and get replenished by incoming cells after a certain period of time. As only a minor percentage of lymphocytes recognizes cognate antigen, this mechanism of permanent recirculation ensures fast and effective immune responses when necessary. Thus, homing, positioning, and activation as well as egress require precise regulation within LN s. In this review we discuss the mediators, including chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and others that are involved in the formation of the LN anlage and subsequent functional organization of LN s. We highlight very recent findings in the fields of LN development, steady‐state migration in LN s, and the intranodal processes during an adaptive immune response.