Premium
Primary immunodeficiencies reveal the essential role of tissue neutrophils in periodontitis
Author(s) -
Silva Lakmali M.,
Brenchley Laurie,
Moutsopoulos Niki M.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/imr.12724
Subject(s) - periodontitis , leukocyte extravasation , leukocyte adhesion deficiency , biology , aggressive periodontitis , inflammation , immunology , extravasation , mendelian inheritance , gingivitis , connective tissue , pathology , medicine , genetics , gene , immune system , dentistry , integrin alpha m , cd18
Summary Periodontitis is a common human inflammatory disease. In this condition, microbiota trigger excessive inflammation in oral mucosal tissues surrounding the dentition, resulting in destruction of tooth‐supporting structures (connective tissue and bone). While susceptibility factors for common forms of periodontitis are not clearly understood, studies in patients with single genetic defects reveal a critical role for tissue neutrophils in disease susceptibility. Indeed, various genetic defects in the development, egress from the bone marrow, chemotaxis, and extravasation are clearly linked to aggressive/severe periodontitis at an early age. Here, we provide an overview of genetic defects in neutrophil biology that are linked to periodontitis. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms underlying Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency‐I, the prototypic Mendelian defect of impaired neutrophil extravasation and severe periodontitis.